W10.2 May 10 (Fri)—ZHANG MINGSHUO

 1. Summary:

Remix culture encourages the creation of derivative works by editing existing material, challenging restrictive copyright laws, and promoting creativity through remixing. In "Remix," Lessig describes the evolution from a read-only culture to a read/write culture, where digital technology facilitates an interactive relationship between producers and consumers, democratizing idea production and content distribution.

The origins of remix culture can be traced back to the 19th century, as noted by media scholar Henry Jenkins, but the balance between creation and consumption shifted with the advent of analog recording and reproduction technologies in the early 20th century. This era saw increased proprietary copyright restrictions and a diminished public domain. However, digital technology brought significant changes, making remixing easier and fostering user-generated content and sharing in the Web 2.0 era. The launch of the Creative Commons Foundation and related licenses accelerated this process, along with the open-source film "RiP!: A Remix Manifesto" and various legal rulings that shaped the perception and legal framework of remix culture.

Current copyright laws struggle to address the challenges of remix culture, necessitating reform to legitimize remixing, address legal risks, and adapt to cultural changes with new licensing regimes and shorter copyright terms.

Remix culture spans various fields, including folklore, vocal traditions, graphic arts, books, software, music, film, GIFs, fan fiction, TikTok, and even religion. Its importance lies in promoting participatory culture, where consumers become producers, playing a significant role in education and literature. Remix culture also influences artists by creating an open artistic environment, despite copyright limitations. Remixed works remain popular in the mainstream, with certain exemptions provided by digital sampling technologies (DST).

Remix activism has shown significant social value, becoming a tool for political protest and cultural subversion, especially through modeling and social media. However, remix culture also faces criticism for potential plagiarism and the romanticization of free culture.

2. Interesting Point:

In the remix field, fanfiction is a unique form that creates new stories by reworking and expanding the world and characters of the original work. It demonstrates fans' love and engagement with the original material, fostering idea exchange within the community. The existence of homoerotic fiction highlights the interactivity and continuity of culture, offering a creative practice different from the traditional copyright model.

3. Discussion:

Fanfiction, as a form of remix culture, underscores fans' love and engagement with the original work. However, it raises questions such as:

1. How does fanfiction balance admiration for the original work with respect for copyright law?

2. How does traditional copyright law adapt to the mode of remix creation and dissemination in fan culture?

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